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SMS (Surface Water Modeling System)
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Modelare hidrodinamica uni-, bi- si tri-dimensionala |
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descriere detaliata (temporar
numai in limba engleza) |
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Automated Mesh/Grid refinement |
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SMS can be used to construct 2D and 3D finite element meshes and finite
difference grids of rivers, estuaries, bays, or wetland areas. The tools include
a sophisticated set of creation and editing tools to handle complex modeling
situations with relative ease. Several methods of finite element mesh creation
are available, allowing you to create any combination of rectangular and
triangular elements needed to represent your model domain. Both cartesian and
boundary-fitted grid creation tools are available to allow representation of a
model domain for finite difference models. The powerful mesh/grid creation
tools, coupled with GIS objects, are what makes SMS such an easy-to-use and
accurate modeling system! There are two main methods for building models in
SMS, the direct approach and the conceptual modeling approach. With the direct
approach, the first step is to create a mesh or grid. The model parameters,
source/sink data, and boundary conditions are assigned directly to the
nodestrings, nodes, and elements of the mesh. This approach is only suited for
very simple models.
The most efficient approach for building realistic, complex models is the
conceptual model approach. With this approach, a conceptual model is created
using GIS objects, including points, arcs, and polygons. The conceptual model is
constructed independently of a mesh or grid. It is a high-level description of
the site including geometric features such as channels and banks, the boundary
of the domain to be modeled, flow rates and water surface elevations of boundary
conditions, and material zones with material properties such as Manning's n
value. Once the conceptual model is complete, a mesh or grid network is
automatically constructed to fit the conceptual model, and the model data are
converted from the conceptual model to the elements and nodes of the mesh
network. |
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GIS tools |
SMS will allow you to take advantage of all types of GIS data available for
hydraulic modeling. The Map module of SMS includes a complete set of tools for
importing, creating, and manipulating GIS vector and raster data. ArcGIS/ArcView
is not a required component of the SMS software! You will find that SMS can work
with your GIS data effectively with or without ArcGIS. A few of the powerful
tools in SMS include:
- Robust algorithms have been developed to allow you to handle large data
sets (such as bathymetry data collected by LIDAR survey) with speed and
accuracy.
- Images (TIFF, JPEG) can be geo-referenced, joined, and clipped.
- Use TIFF or JPEG images to guide on-screen digitizing and to enhance
presentation.
- Boundary conditions and material properties from data layers can be
assigned to your model using GIS overlay operations.
- Coordinate System Conversions - Convert data between geographic and planar
coordinate systems.
- Control mesh/grid density and type by assigning properties to simple GIS
objects.
- Create observation points/cross sections for review and calibration of
your model output.
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Model coupling/steering |
Many of the tasks performed as part of a numerical simulation are repetitious
and time consuming. For example, a single project generally involves running the
model many times in a "warm up" or "spin down" mode. To make this type of
process easier, a tool referred to as the Steering Module. The main objectives
of the Steering Module are to:
- Simplify data sharing between models
- Monitor model runs
- Save time by automating repetitive user tasks
- Achieve more accurate results from models
The tasks the steering module performs can be classified in two main groups.
These include single model control, and multiple model coupling. The control
channels currently available in the Steering Module are:
- RMA2 Spin Down
- FESWMS Spin Down
- ADCIRC<->STWAVE Interaction
- M2D<->STWAVE Interaction
- RMA2<->SED2D Interaction
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coastal circulation/wawe modeling |
SMS supports coastal circulation modeling with advanced finite-element and
finite-difference models. You can choose which is better for your needs:
- ADCIRC - ADCIRC (ADvanced CIRCulation Multi-dimensional Hydrodynamic
Model) is a latest-generation multidimensional model based on the solution of
the generalized wave equation formulation of the governing equations on a
highly flexible unstructured grid.
- M2D - The hydrodynamic circulation model M2D is a two-dimensional,
finite-difference numerical approximation of the depth-integrated continuity
and momentum equations.
- TUFLOW - TUFLOW is a computational engine that provides two-dimensional
(2D) and one-
dimensional (1D) solutions of the free-surface flow equations to simulate
flood
and tidal wave propagation.
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Wave modeling is also supported by SMS. Once again, finite-difference or
finite-element models are available. These models can analyze wave action to
predict wave height and velocity:
- STWAVE - STWAVE (STeady State Irregular WAVE Model) is a model that is
computationally efficient steady state spectral wave energy propagation model.
- CGWAVE - CGWAVE models harbor response taking into account outside sea
state, harbor shape and man-made structures (i.e., piers, breakwaters, naval
vessels). It is a forecasting and nowcasting tool used in coastal and military
planning and civil engineering.
- BOUSS2D - BOUSS-2D is a comprehensive numerical model for simulating the
propagation and transformation of waves in coastal regions and harbors based
on a time-domain solution of Boussinesq-type equations.
- WABED - Wave-Action Balance Equation with Diffraction model. The WABED
model is a nearshore wave transformation model capable of representing wave
diffraction and reflection.
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Interaction between waves and currents can be modeled using the Steering Module
described above to couple a wave model with a circulation model. The most
popular combination is ADCIRC - STWAVE coupling. This allows you to run the
models together and find out how waves are affecting circulation! |
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river modeling |
River hydrodynamics can be modeled with SMS using one of several 2D models,
including FESWMS, RMA2, HIVEL2D. The TUFLOW model engine is capable of
representing a river system as 1D and 2D domains within SMS too!
River models will allow you predict water depth and velocity in complex
waterways including bays, estuaries, and river reachs. Natural and man-made
conditions can be simulated in unprecedented detail using the SMS pre and post
processing tools |
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water quality/sediment transport modeling |
In addition to hydrodynamics, you will often need to analyze pollutant and/or
sediment transport in your waterway system. There are 2 models supported in SMS
that couple with RMA2 to add the capability you will need:
- SED2D - A sediment transport numerical model that has the ability to
compute sediment loadings and bed elevation changes when supplied with a
hydrodynamic solution computed by RMA2.
- RMA4 - A constituent migration modeling code that has the ability to
compute constituent concentrations and dispersion when supplied with a
hydrodynamic solution computed by RMA2.
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Models |
Numerical models are programs that are separate from SMS that are used to run an
analysis on a model. The models can be built in SMS, and then run through the
numerical model program. SMS can then read in and display the results of the
analysis. SMS also has the option of using a “model wrapper” to run the model
and display real-time results of during the model simulation.
The following numerical models are currently supported in SMS. Each model is
included with the SMS installation (model executable files and documentation)
and is fully linked with the SMS software. |
ADCIRC
A 2D, depth-integrated, barotropic time-dependent long wave,
hydrodynamic circulation model. ADCIRC can be applied to deep ocean,
continental shelves, coastal seas, and small-scale estuarine systems. |
TUFLOW
TUFLOW is a computational engine that provides two-dimensional
(2D) and one-dimensional (1D) solutions of the free-surface flow equations to
simulate flood and tidal wave propagation. |
BOUSS-2D
A comprehensive numerical model for simulating the propagation and
transformation of waves in coastal regions and harbors based on a time-domain
solution of Boussinesq-type equations. |
M2D
A 2D, finite-difference hydrodynamic circulation model intended for
analysis of coastal areas. |
WABED
The WABED model is a nearshore wave transformation model capable of
representing wave diffraction and reflection. |
RMA2
A hydrodynamic modeling code from the USACE that supports 2D subcritical
flow analysis, including wetting and drying and marsh porosity. |
CGWAWE
A wave model that can simultaneously simulate the effects of refraction,
diffraction, reflections by bathymetry and structures, dissipation due to
friction and breaking, and nonlinear amplitude dispersion. |
RMA4
RMA4 can be applied to represent the transport of a contaminant, salinity
intrusion, or tracking DO and BOD in a 2D system. |
FESWMS
A hydrodynamic modeling code from the FHWA that supports both super and
subcritical flow analyses, including area wetting and drying. |
STWAVE
A wave model simulates wave refraction and shoaling, wave breaking,
diffraction, wave growth because of wind input, wave-wave interaction and
white capping. |
GENESIS
A shoreline response numerical modeling system. The model is adopted as the
official shoreline change model of US Army Corps of Engineers. Accounts for
shoreline change by longshore sediment transport gradients. |
HYDRO AS-2D
HYDRO AS-2D performs 2D modeling of bodies of water. The procedure
integrated in HYDRO AS-2D is based on the numerial solution of the 2D
current equations with Finite-volume-Discretization. |
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SMS Modules |
The SMS interface is separated into several modules; these modules contain tools
that allow manipulation and model creation from different data types. The
modules of SMS are:
- Map Module - allows you to use GIS or CAD data, as well as TIFF or
JPEG image data, to create and enhance visualization of your surface water
models.
- Mesh Module - is used to construct 2D finite element meshes of
rivers, estuaries, bays, wetland areas, or coastal regions.
- Cartesian Module - the 2D Cartesian Grid Module contains tools used
to construct 2D Cartesian finite difference grids.
- Boundary-Fitted Grid Module - is used for pre- and post- processing
of 2D and 3D extracted boundary fitted grids.
- Scatter Point Module - is used to interpolate from groups of
scattered data points to the other data types (i.e., meshes and grids).
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